Footnotes

[64] Gedanken über die Einordnung des Turnwesens in das Ganze der Volkserziehung, von Adolf Spiess. Basel, Schweighauser’sche Buchhandlung, 1842. Reprinted on pages 15-41 of “Kleine Schriften über Turnen von Adolf Spiess. Nebst Beiträgen zu seiner Lebensgeschichte. Gesammelt und herausgegeben von J. C. Lion.” Hof, G. A. Grau & Cie. (Rud. Lion), 1872. Second edition, 1877.

[65] See Herman Haupt’s “Adolf Spiess, der Begründer des deutschen Schulturnens, als Giessener und Hallischer Burschenschafter 1828-1831,” on pp. 306-330 of “Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte der Burschenschaft und der deutschen Einheitsbewegung,” Band II, Heft 3-4 (Heidelberg, Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1911).

[66] To a sword-thrust in the lung received as second in a student duel at this period (November, 1830) his family traced the disease which in middle life brought his career to an untimely end.

[67] Upon his reappointment, for a term of six years, on October 13, 1835, instruction in geography and history was substituted for the writing and drawing.

[68] Die Lehre der Turnkunst von Adolf Spiess. Basel, Schweighauser’sche Buchhandlung. Four volumes, as follows:

I. Theil: Das Turnen in den Freiübungen für beide Geschlechter, 1840. II. Theil: Das Turnen in den Hangübungen für beide Geschlechter, 1842; second edition in 1871. III. Theil: Das Turnen in den Stemmübungen für beide Geschlechter. Mit einem Anhang der Liegeübungen, 1843; second edition in 1874. IV. Theil: Das Turnen in den Gemeinübungen, in einer Lehre von den Ordnungsverhältnissen bei den Gliederungen einer Mehrzahl für beide Geschlechter, 1846; second edition (Basel, Benno Schwabe) in 1885.

[69] Hans Ferdinand Massmann (1797-1874), pupil and friend of Jahn in Berlin, member of the Jena Burschenschaft and present at the Wartburg episode in 1817, was summoned to Munich in 1827 to take charge of gymnastics, first in the royal Kadettenkorps and then in a public outdoor Turnanstalt which was to serve all the schools of the city. In 1841 he was called to Berlin to confer with Minister Eichhorn regarding the revival of physical training in Prussia. Two years later he was entrusted with the carrying out of the plan, but proved unequal to the task, and retired from the position in 1851.

[70] Turnbuch für Schulen als Anleitung für den Turnunterricht durch die Lehrer der Schulen, von Adolf Spiess. Basel, Schweighauser’sche Buchhandlung. Two volumes, as follows: I. Theil: Die Uebungen für die Altersstufe vom sechsten bis zehnten Jahre bei Knaben und Mädchen, 1847; second, “vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage, besorgt von J. C. Lion,” in 1880. II. Theil: Die Uebungen für die Altersstufe vom zehnten bis sechszehnten Jahre bei Knaben und Mädchen 1851; second edition, as above (Basel, Benno Schwabe), in 1889.

[71] Gustav Nyblæus, then teacher of gymnastics at the University of Lund, but afterwards Director of the Central Institute (Royal Normal School of Gymnastics) in Stockholm.

[72] The father of Spiess had begun to play the organ for church services at the age of nine, and in his school at Offenbach paid particular attention to instruction in singing. Adolf himself learned to play the violin and the pianoforte, and his strong boyish voice developed into a beautiful tenor. He was made an honorary member of the Swiss Musikverein in 1838, sang solo parts from the oratorios of Spohr and Neuhaus in the presence of the composers at a musical festival in Lucerne, and the tenor solos in Mendelssohn’s “St. Paul” at Zurich, and took the title role in Handel’s “Samson” at the national musical festival in Basel in the summer of 1840. It was at his suggestion that Max Schneckenburger wrote “Die Wacht am Rhein” that same year, and when it was read to a little company gathered in the Burgdorf “Stadthaus” Spiess was the first to sing it, to an accompaniment which he improvised on the pianoforte.

[73] Spiess committed to Karl Wassmannsdorff, his friend and associate for two years in Basel, the preparation of his material on Reigen for publication. See “Reigen und Liederreigen für das Schulturnen aus dem Nachlasse von Adolf Spiess. Mit einer Einleitung, erklärenden Anmerkungen und einer Anzahl von Liedern herausgegeben von Dr. K. Wassmannsdorff.” Frankfurt a. M., J. D. Sauerländer’s Verlag, 1869. A second “verbesserte und mit einem Anhange ‘Gang- und Hüpfarten für das Mädchenturnen’ vermehrte Auflage” was published in 1885.