List of Abbreviations Used in This Dictionary

Community, kom-ūn′i-ti, n. common possession or enjoyment: agreement: communion: (Shak.) commonness: people having common rights, &c.: the public in general: a body of persons in the same locality, e.g. 'village community:' a monastic body.—n. Communitā′rian, a member of a community. [O. Fr.,—L. communitas—communis.]

Commute, kom-ūt′, v.t. to exchange: to exchange a punishment for one less severe.—n. Commutabil′ity.—adj. Commut′able, that may be commuted or exchanged.—n. Commutā′tion, the act of commuting: change or exchange of one thing for another: the change of a penalty or rate from a greater to a less.—adj. Commū′tative (or Comm′), relating to exchange: interchangeable.—adv. Commū′tatively.—n. Comm′utātor, an apparatus attached to many electric machines for reversing the currents.—adj. Commut′ual, mutual. [L. commutāre—com, with mutāre, to change.]

Comose, kō′mōs, adj. hairy, comate. [L. comosus.]

Compact, kom-pakt′, adj. fastened or packed together: firm: close: brief.—v.t. to press closely together: to consolidate: (Shak.) to confirm.—adj. Compact′ed, firmly put together: compact.—adv. Compact′edly.—n. Compact′edness.—adv. Compact′ly.—ns. Compact′ness, state of being compact: closeness: solidity: terseness; Compac′ture (Spens.) close union or knitting together; Compāge′, Compā′ges, a structure of many parts. [Fr.,—L. com, pactus, pa.p. of compingĕre—com, together, pangĕre, to fix. Cf. Fang.]

Compact, kom′pakt, n. a mutual bargain or agreement: a league, treaty, or union: (Shak.) league, in bad sense.—adj. united: leagued. [L. compactum—compacisci, from com, with, and pacisci, to make a bargain; cf. pangĕre.]

Compaginate, kom-paj′i-nāt, v.t. to join, connect.—n. Compaginā′tion. [L. compagināre, -ātum—com, together, and pangĕre, to fasten, fix.]

Companion, kom-pan′yun, n. one who keeps company or frequently associates with another: an associate or partner: a higher rank of servant, who, though receiving pay, stands rather in the relation of a friend: fellow, in a bad sense.—v.t. to accompany.—adj. of the nature of a companion: accompanying.—adjs. Compan′iable (obs.), sociable; Compan′ionable, fit to be a companion: agreeable.—n. Compan′ionableness.—adv. Compan′ionably.—adj. Compan′ioned, having a companion.—ns. Compan′ionhood, Compan′ionary.—adj. Compan′ionless, without a companion.—n. Compan′ionship. [Fr. compagnon, from Low L. companium, a mess—L. com, with, and panis, bread.]

Companion, kom-pan′yun, n. (naut.) the skylight or window-frame through which light passes to a lower deck or cabin: companion-ladder.—ns. Compan′ion-ladd′er, the ladder or stair leading from the deck to the officers' cabin; Compan′ion-way, a staircase from the deck to a cabin. [Cf. Dut. kompanje; O. Fr. compagne; It. compagne.]

Company, kum′pa-ni, n. any assembly of persons: a number of persons associated together for trade, &c.: a society: a subdivision of a regiment: the crew of a ship: state of being a companion: fellowship: associates: society: a gathering of people for social intercourse.—v.t. to accompany.—v.i. to associate.—Be good, or bad, company, to have, or to lack, companionable qualities; Keep company, to associate with: to court; Know a man by his company, to determine his character by the quality of his friends. [Fr. compagnie. See Companion.]

Compare, kom-pār′, v.t. to set things together, to ascertain how far they agree or disagree: to liken or represent as similar: (gram.) to inflect an adjective.—v.i. to hold comparison.—n. (obs.) comparison: similitude.—adj. Com′parable, that may be compared.—n. Com′parableness.—adv. Com′parably.—adj. Compar′ative, pertaining to comparison: estimated by comparing with something else: not positive or absolute: (gram.) expressing more.—adv. Compar′atively.—n. Compar′ison, the act of comparing: capacity of being compared: comparative estimate: a simile or figure by which two things are compared: (gram.) the inflection of an adjective.—Beyond compare, without any rival. [Fr.,—L. comparāre, to match, from com, together, parāre, to make or esteem equal—par, equal.]

Compare, kom-pār′, v.t. (Spens.) to get or provide. [L. comparāre—com, inten., parāre, to prepare.]

Compartment, kom-pärt′ment, n. a separate part or division of any enclosed space: a division of a railway carriage: a division of anything.—v.t. Compart′, to divide into parts. [Fr., from compartir—L. com, with, partīre, to part.]

Compass, kum′pas, n. a circuit or circle: space: limit: range, a limit of tones of a voice or instrument: the circumference: girth: an instrument consisting of a magnetised needle, used to steer ships by, &c., the needle indicating on a card the absolute directions at any given time: (pl.) an instrument consisting of two movable legs, for describing circles, &c.—v.t. to pass or go round: to surround or enclose: to besiege: to bring about or obtain: to contrive or plot: to accomplish.—adj. Com′passable, capable of being compassed.—ns. Com′pass-card, the circular card of a compass; Com′passing, contrivance: design; Com′pass-plane, a plane, convex on the under side, for smoothing curved timber; Com′pass-saw, a saw that cuts in a circular manner; Com′pass-sig′nal, a signal denoting a point in the compass; Com′pass-tim′ber, curved timber, used for shipbuilding, &c.; Com′pass-win′dow, a semicircular bay-window.—Box the compass (see Box); Fetch a compass, to go round in a circuit. [Fr. compas, a circle, prob. from Low L. compassus—L. com, together, passus, a step.]

Compassion, kom-pash′un, n. fellow-feeling, or sorrow for the sufferings of another: pity.—v.t. to pity.—adjs. Compas′sionable, pitiable; Compas′sionate, inclined to pity or mercy: merciful.—v.t. to have compassion for: to have pity or mercy upon.—adv. Compas′sionately.—n. Compas′sionateness. [Fr.,—L. compassio—com, with, pati, passus, to suffer.]

Compatible, kom-pat′i-bl, adj. consistent: agreeable: that can be endured together.—ns. Compatibil′ity, Compat′ibleness, the quality of being compatible.—adv. Compat′ibly. [Fr.,—L. com, with, pati, to suffer.]

Compatriot, kom-pā′tri-ot, adj. of the same country.—n. one of the same country.—adj. Compatriot′ic.—n. Compā′triotism. [Fr.,—L. com, with, and Patriot.]

Compear, kom-pēr′, v.i. (Scots law) to appear in court.—ns. Compear′ance; Compear′ant. [L. comparēre—com, together, parēre, to appear.]

Compeer, kom-pēr′, n. one who is equal to another: a companion: an associate.—v.t. (Shak.) to equal. [L. compar—com, with, and par, equal.]

Compel, kom-pel′, v.t. to drive or urge on forcibly: to oblige: to force: to obtain by hard labour:—pr.p. compel′ling; pa.p. compelled′.—adj. Compel′lable. [L. com, inten., pellĕre, pulsum, to drive.]

Compellation, kom-pel-ā′shun, n. style of address: an appellation.—adj. Compel′lative.—n. compellation. [L. compellāre, -atum, to address, freq. of compellĕre.]

Compend, kom′pend, Compendium, kom-pen′di-um, n. a shortening or abridgment: a book or treatise containing the substance of a larger one: an epitome: an abstract.—adj. Compen′dious, short: concise: comprehensive.—adv. Compen′diously.—n. Compen′diousness. [L. compendium, what is weighed together, or saved (opp. to dispendium)—com, together, pendĕre, to weigh.]

Compensate, kom′pen-sāt, or kom-pen′sāt, v.t. to reward suitably: to make amends for: to recompense: to counterbalance.—n. Compensā′tion, act of compensating: reward for service: amends for loss sustained: (phys.) the neutralisation of opposing forces.—adjs. Compen′sative, Compen′satory, giving compensation.—n. Com′pensātor, one who or that which compensates.—Compensation balance, pendulum, a balance-wheel or pendulum so constructed as to counteract the effect of the expansion and contraction of the metal under variation of temperature. [L. com, inten., and pensāre, freq. of pendĕre, to weigh.]

Compesce, kom-pes′, v.t. to restrain. [L. compescĕre—compes, a fetter—com, together, pes, a foot.]

Compete, kom-pēt′, v.i. to seek or strive with others for something: to contend for a prize.—n. Competi′tion, the act of competing: common strife for the same object.—adj. Compet′itive, pertaining to or characterised by competition.—n. Compet′itor, one who competes: a rival or opponent. [L. competĕre—com, together, petĕre, to seek.]

Competent, kom′pe-tent, adj. suitable: sufficient: fit: belonging: legally qualified: legitimate.—ns. Com′petence, Com′petency, fitness: capacity: sufficiency: competent circumstances: legal power or capacity.—adv. Com′petently. [Fr.,—L. competĕre—com, with, petĕre, to seek, to strive after.]

Compile, kom-pīl′, v.t. to write or compose by collecting the materials from other books: to draw up or collect: to compose.—ns. Compilā′tion, the act of compiling: the thing compiled, a literary work made by gathering the material from various authors; Compile′ment, a compilation; Compil′er, Com′pilātor, one who compiles. [Fr. compiler, prob. from L. compilāre—com, together, pilāre, to plunder.]

Complacent, kom-plā′sent, adj. showing satisfaction: pleased: inclined to please.—ns. Complā′cence, Complā′cency, pleasure: satisfaction: complaisance.—adv. Complā′cently. [L. complacēre—com, inten., placēre, to please.]

Complain, kom-plān′, v.i. to express grief, pain, censure: to murmur or express a sense of injury: to accuse: to make a mournful sound: to be ill—e.g. 'to complain of a sore throat.'—n. complaint.—ns. Complain′ant, one who complains: (law) one who raises a suit, a plaintiff; Complain′er, a murmurer: complainant; Complain′ing, the action of the verb complain: complaint.—adv. Complain′ingly.—n. Complaint′, a complaining: an expression of grief: a representation of pains or injuries: a finding fault: the thing complained of: a disease: an ailment. [Fr. complaindre—Low L. complangĕre—L. com, inten., plangĕre, bewail.]

Complaisant, kom′plā-zant, or kom-plā-zant′, adj. desirous of pleasing; obliging.—n. Com′plaisance (or Complaisance′), care or desire to please: an obliging civility.—adv. Com′plaisantly (or Complaisant′ly). [Fr.,—complaire—L. complacēre.]

Complect, kom-plekt′, v.t. to embrace: to interweave.—adj. Complect′ed, interwoven. [L. complecti, to embrace—com, and plectĕre, to twine.]

Complement, kom′ple-ment, n. that which completes or fills up: full number or quantity: (Shak.) politeness.—v.t. Complement′, to supplement: (arch.) to compliment.—adjs. Complement′al, completing: (Shak.) complimental; Complement′ary, completing: together making up a whole.—Complementary angles, angles which together make up a right angle. [L. complementum—com, and plēre, to fill.]

Complete, kom-plēt′, adj. free from deficiency: perfect: finished: entire.—v.t. to finish: to make perfect or entire: to accomplish.—adjs. Complēt′able; Complēt′ed.—adv. Complete′ly.—ns. Complete′ness, the state of being complete; Complē′tion, the act of completing: the state of being complete: fulfilment.—adjs. Complēt′ive; Complēt′ory, fulfilling: completing. [L. complēre, -ētum, to fill up—com, inten., and plēre, to fill.]

Complex, kom′pleks, adj. composed of more than one, or of many parts: not simple: intricate: difficult.—n. a complex whole.—v.t. to complicate.—ns. Complex′edness, Com′plexness, Complex′ity, state of being complex: complication.—adv. Com′plexly.—n. Complex′us, a complicated system: a large muscle of the back, passing from the spine to the head. [L. complex—com, together, and root of plicāre, to fold. See Complicate.]

Complexion, kom-plek′shun, n. disposition: colour: quality: colour or look of the skin, esp. of the face: general appearance, temperament, or texture: (Shak.) bodily constitution.—v.t. to give a colour to.—adjs. Complex′ional, pertaining to the complexion; Complex′ioned, having a certain complexion, or temperament; Complex′ionless, colourless: pale. [Fr.,—L. complexio, a combination, physical structure of body—complecti, complexus, to embrace—plectĕre, to plait.]

Compliance, kom-plī′ans, n. a yielding: agreement: complaisance: assent: submission (in bad sense).—adj. Complī′able, disposed to comply.—n. Complī′ancy, compliance.—adj. Complī′ant, yielding: pliant: civil.—adv. Complī′antly.—In compliance with, in agreement with. [See Comply.]

Complicate, kom′pli-kāt, v.t. to twist or plait together: to render complex: to entangle.—adj. complex: involved.—n. Com′plicacy, the quality or state of being complicated.—adj. Com′plicated, intricate, confused.—n. Complicā′tion, an intricate blending or entanglement.—adj. Com′plicative, tending to complicate.—Complicated fracture, a fracture where there is some other injury (e.g. a flesh wound not communicating with the fracture, a dislocation, a rupture of a large blood-vessel); Complication of diseases, a number of diseases present at the same time. [L. com, together, and plicāre, -ātum, to fold.]

Complice, kom′plis, n. (Shak.) an associate: an accomplice.—n. Complic′ity, state or condition of being an accomplice: complexity.

Compliment, kom′pli-ment, n. an expression of regard or praise: delicate flattery: an expression of formal respect or civility: a present.—v.t. Compliment′, to pay a compliment to: to express respect for: to praise: to flatter: to congratulate: to make a present.—v.i. to make compliments.—adjs. Compliment′al, expressing or implying compliment; Compliment′ary, conveying, or expressive of, civility or praise: using compliments.—n. Compliment′er, one who pays compliments.—Compliments of the season, compliments appropriate to special times, as Christmas and birthdays; Left-handed compliment, a saying intended to seem a compliment, but in reality the reverse; Pay, or Present, one's compliments, to give one's respects or greeting. [Fr. compliment—L. complementum. See Comply.]

Compline, Complin, kom′plin, n. the 7th and last service of the day, at 9 P.M., completing the canonical hours. [O. Fr. conplie (mod. complies)—L. completa (hora).]

Complish, kom′plish, v.t. (Spens.) to accomplish.

Complot, kom′plot, n. a conspiracy.—v.i. Complot′, to plot together, to conspire.—v.t. to plan.—pr.p. complot′ting; pa.p. complot′ted. [Fr.]

Compluvium, kom-plōō′vi-um, n. a quadrangular open space in the middle of a Roman house, which carried the rain-water from the roofs to a basin (impluvium) placed below. [L.]

Comply, kom-plī′, v.i. to yield to the wishes of another: to agree or consent to (with):—pr.p. comply′ing; pa.t. and pa.p. complied′.—n. Complī′er, one who complies.—p.adj. Comply′ing, compliant. [It. complire, to fulfil, to suit, to offer courtesies—L. complēre, to fulfil.]

Compo, kom′pō, n. a mixture of whiting, resin, and glue for ornamenting walls and cornices; a bankrupt's composition. [Abbrev. of Composition.]

Component, kom-pō′nent, adj. making up: forming one of the elements of a compound.—n. one of the elements of a compound.—n. Compō′nency.—adj. Component′al. [L. componĕre.]

Comport, kom-pōrt′, v.i. to agree, suit (with).—v.t. to bear one's self: to behave.—n. manner of acting.—ns. Comport′ance (Spens.); Comport′ment, behaviour. [L. comportāre—com, together, and portāre, to carry.]

Compose, kom-pōz′, v.t. to form by putting two or more parts or things together: to place in proper order, to put together, to arrange artistically the elements of a landscape for painting: to settle or set at rest: to soothe: to set up or place types in order for printing: to originate or write as author, to set to music.—p.adj. Composed′, settled, quiet, calm.—adv. Compos′edly.—ns. Compos′edness; Compos′er, a writer, an author, esp. of a piece of music.—adj. Com′posite, made up of two or more distinct parts: (archit.) a blending of the Ionic and the Corinthian orders: (bot.) belonging to the natural order Compositæ, having compound or composite flowers—heads of flowers composed of a number of florets on a common receptacle, surrounded by bracts forming a leafy involucre, like single flowers.—adv. Com′positely.—ns. Com′positeness; Compos′ing-stick, an instrument with a sliding adjustment, used for holding printing-types before they are put on the galley; Compos′ition, the act of putting together, or that which is put together: the thing composed, as a work in literature, music, or painting: mental constitution: artistic manner, style in writing or painting: a coming together or agreement, an arrangement or compromise: a certain percentage which creditors agree to accept in lieu of the full payment of a bankrupt's debts: (mech.) the compounding of two velocities or forces into a single velocity or force which shall be their equivalent.—adj. Compos′itive.—ns. Compos′itor, one who puts together, or sets up, types for printing; Com′post, Compost′ure (Shak.) a mixture for manure: a kind of plaster; Compō′sure, calmness: self-possession: tranquillity.—Composite candle, one made of a mixture of stearic acid and the stearin of coco-nut oil; Composite carriage, a railway-carriage with compartments of different classes; Composite portrait, a single portrait produced by combining those of a number of persons; Composition of a felony, the act of abstaining from prosecution for some consideration—itself punishable by fine and imprisonment. [Fr. composer, from L. cum, and pausāre, to cease, to rest.]

Compos mentis, kom′pos ment′is, adj. phrase, in one's right mind—sometimes merely Compos. [L.]

Compossible, kom-pos′i-bl, adj. possible in co-existence with something else.—n. Compossibil′ity. [L. com-, and Possible.]

Compot, kom′pot, n. fruit preserved in syrup. [Fr. compote.]

Compotation, kom-po-tā′shun, n. a carouse together.—ns. Compotā′tionship; Com′potator, a bottle-companion.—adj. Compot′atory. [L. compotationem—com, together, potāre, to drink.]

Compound, kom-pownd′, v.t. to mix or combine: to settle or adjust by agreement.—v.i. to agree, or come to terms: to bargain in the lump.—adj. Com′pound, mixed or composed of a number of parts: not simple, dealing with numbers of various denominations of quantity, &c., as in 'compound addition,' &c.; or with processes more complex than the simple process, as in 'compound proportion,' &c.—n. a mass made up of a number of parts: the usual name in India for the enclosure in which a house stands, with its outhouses, yard, and garden: a compounded drug.—n. Compound′er.—Compound engine, a condensing engine in which the mechanical action of the steam is begun in one cylinder, and ended in a larger cylinder; Compound fracture, a broken bone, communicating with a co-existing skin wound; Compound householder, one who pays his rates in his rent, the landlord being immediately chargeable with them; Compound interest, the charge made where—the interest not being paid when due—it is added to the principal, forming the amount upon which the subsequent year's interest is computed; Compound quantity (alg.), a quantity consisting of more than one term, as a + b; Compound time (mus.), time in which each bar is made up of two or more simple bars. [O. Fr., from L. componĕre—com, together, ponĕre, to place.]

Comprehend, kom-pre-hend′, v.t. to seize or take up with the mind, to understand: to comprise or include.—ns. Comprehensibil′ity, Comprehen′sibleness.—adj. Comprehen′sible, capable of being understood.—adv. Comprehen′sibly.—n. Comprehen′sion, power of the mind to understand: (logic) the intension of a term or the sum of the qualities implied in the term: the inclusion of Nonconformists within the Church of England.—adj. Comprehen′sive, having the quality or power of comprehending much: extensive: full.—adv. Comprehen′sively.—n. Comprehen′siveness. [L. comprehendĕre, to seize.]

Compress, kom-pres′, v.t. to press together: to force into a narrower space: to condense or concentrate.—n. Com′press, soft folds of linen, &c., formed into a pad, and used in surgery to apply any requisite pressure to any part: a wet cloth, covered with waterproof, applied to the skin.—adj. Compressed′.—ns. Compressibil′ity, Compres′sibleness, the property that bodies have of being reduced in volume by pressure—the ratio of the amount of compression per unit volume to the compressing force applied.—adj. Compres′sible, that may be compressed.—n. Compres′sion, act of compressing: state of being compressed, condensation.—adjs. Compres′sional; Compres′sive, able to compress.—ns. Compres′sor, anything that compresses; a muscle that compresses certain parts; Compres′sure.—Compressed-air bath, a strong chamber of iron plates in which a patient can sit, and into which air is driven by a steam-engine to any required pressure; Compressed-air motor, any mode of employing air as a motive-power, as in automatic railway-brakes, &c. [L. compressāre, com, together, and pressāre, to press—premĕre, pressum, to press.]

Comprint, kom-print′, v.t. to share in printing—of the former privilege shared with the Stationers' Company and the King's Printer by Oxford and Cambridge.

Comprise, kom-prīz′, v.t. to contain, include: to sum up.—adj. Compris′able.—n. Compris′al, the act of comprising.—p.adjs. Comprised′, included; Compris′ing, including. [Fr. compris, pa.p. of comprendre—L. comprehendĕre. See Comprehend.]

Compromise, kom′prō-mīz, n. a settlement of differences by mutual concession, adjustment of one's theories or principles.—v.t. to settle by mutual agreement and concession: to pledge: to involve or bring into question—to expose one's self to risk of danger or misunderstanding.—p.adj. Com′promised, exposed to danger or discredit. [Fr. compromis—L. compromittĕre, -missum—com, together, promittĕre, to promise.]

Comprovincial, kom-pro-vin′shal, adj. (Spens.) belonging to the same province.

Compt, Compter, Comptible, obs. forms of Count, &c.

Comptroll, Comptroller. See under Control.

Compulse, kom-puls′, v.t. to compel.—adjs. Compul′satory, Compul′sative (Shak.), compulsory.—p.adj. Compulsed′, compelled.—ns. Compul′sion, the act of compelling: force: necessity: violence; Compul′sitor (Scots law), that which compels.—adj. Compul′sive, coercive: with power to compel.—adv. Compul′sively; Compul′sorily.—adj. Compul′sory, compelled: obligatory: compelling. [L. compulsāre, freq. of compellĕre, to compel.]

Compunction, kom-pungk′shun, n. uneasiness of conscience: remorse: regret: pity.—adj. Compunc′tious, feeling or causing compunction: repentant: remorseful.—adv. Compunc′tiously.—Without compunction, with no feeling of sorrow or regret. [O. Fr.,—L. compunctio, -nis—com, inten., and pungĕre, punctum, to prick.]

Compurgation, kom-pur-gā′shun, n. the custom, in Anglo-Saxon law, of permitting the accused to call in witnesses to prove his innocency, by joining their oaths to his: evidence in favour of the accused: vindication.—n. Com′purgator, one who testifies to the innocency or veracity of another.—adjs. Compurgatō′rial, Compur′gatory. [L. compurgāre, to purify wholly. See Purge.]

Compursion, kom-pur′shun, n. a pursing together (Sterne).

Compute, kom-pūt′, v.t. to calculate: to number: to estimate.—adj. Comput′able, calculable.—ns. Com′putant, Comput′er, Com′putist, a calculator; Computā′tion, act of computing: reckoning: estimate.—adj. Comput′ātive, given to computation.—n. Com′putātor. [L. computāre, from com, together, putāre, to reckon.]

Comrade, kom′rād, n. a close companion: an intimate associate—ns. Com′radery; Com′radeship. [Sp. camarada, a roomful, a chamber-mate—L. camera, a chamber.]

Comtism, komt′ism, n. the philosophical system of August Comte, the founder of Positivism (1798-1857).—adj. Com′tian.—n. and adj. Comt′ist.

Comus, kō′mus, n. a god of mirth: a revel. [L.,—Gr. kōmos, a revel.]

Con., kon, a contraction of L. contra, against, as in Pro and con., for and against.

Con, kon, v.t. to study carefully: to commit to memory:—pr.p. con′ning; pa.p. conned.—n. Con′ning, learning by heart; poring over. [A.S. cunnian, to try to know—cunnan, to know.]

Con, Conn, kon, kun, v.t. to direct the steering of a ship.—n. the act of conning.—ns. Con′ning, directing the steering; Con′ning-tow′er, the pilot-house of a war-ship. [Prob. conn. with preceding.]

Con, kon, n. a knock. [Fr. cogner, to knock.]

Conacre, kon′ā-kėr, n. the custom of letting land in Ireland in small portions for a single crop, the rent paid in money or in labour—also Corn′acre.—v.t. to sublet in conacre.—n. Con′acreism.

Conarium, kō-nā′ri-um, n. the pineal gland of the brain.—adj. Conā′rial. [Gr. kōnarion.]

Conatus, ko-nā′tus, n. an effort: an impulse.—n. Conā′tion, the faculty of free agency, including desire and volition.—adj. Conā′tive. [L. conāri, -ātus, to endeavour.]

Concatenate, kon-kat′e-nāt, v.t. to chain or link together: to connect in a series.—n. Concatenā′tion, a series of links united: a series of things depending on each other. [L. con, together, and catena, a chain.]

Concause, kon′kawz, n. a co-operating cause.

Concave, kon′kāv, adj. curved, vaulted, or arched, applied to the inner side of any curved line or rounded body, and opposed to convex, which is applied to the outside.—n. a hollow: an arch or vault.—adv. Con′cavely.—n. Concav′ity, the quality of being concave: the inner surface of a concave or hollow body.—adjs. Concā′vo-con′cave, or Doub′le-con′cave, concave on both sides of a lens; Concā′vo-con′vex, concave on one side, and convex on the other. [L. concavus, from con, inten., and cavus, hollow. See Cave.]

Conceal, kon-sēl′, v.t. to hide completely or carefully: to keep secret; to disguise: to keep from telling.—adjs. Conceal′able, that may be concealed; Concealed′, hidden.—n. Conceal′ment, act of concealing: secrecy: disguise: hiding-place: (Shak.) a mystery. [O. Fr. conceler—L. concelāre, from con, inten., and celāre, to hide.]

Concede, kon-sēd′, v.t. to cede or give up: to quit: to surrender: to admit: to grant.—v.i. to admit or grant.—n. Conced′er. [L. concedĕre, -cessum—con, wholly and cedĕre, to yield.]

Conceit, kon-sēt′, n. over-estimate of one's self: too favourable opinion of one's own good qualities: a pleasant, fantastical, or affected notion: wit: (Spens.) idea: (Shak.) understanding: estimate.—v.t. to conceive: to think.—adj. Conceit′ed, clever, witty, fantastical (obs. uses): having a high opinion of one's self: egotistical.—adv. Conceit′edly.—n. Conceit′edness.—adj. Conceit′less (Shak.), without conceit, stupid.—Out of conceit with, no longer fond of. [Through a Fr. form conceit, from L. conceptus, pa.p. of concipĕre.]

Conceive, kon-sēv′, v.t. to receive into and form in the womb: to form in the mind: to imagine or think: to understand: to express.—v.i. to become pregnant: to think.—ns. Conceivabil′ity, Conceiv′ableness.—adj. Conceiv′able, that may be conceived, understood, or believed.—adv. Conceiv′ably.—adj. Conceived′, imagined, thought. [O. Fr. concever—L. concipĕre, conceptum, from con, and capĕre, to take.]

Concent, kon-sent′, n. a harmony or concord of sounds: concert of voices.—v.i. (Spens.) to harmonise. [L. concentus, pa.p. of concinĕre—con, together, canĕre, to sing.]

Concentrate, kon′sen-trāt, or kon-sen′-, v.t. to bring towards a common centre: to bring into a closer union: to condense, to render more intense the properties of.—adj. Concen′trated (also Con′-).—n. Concentrā′tion, act of concentrating: condensation: the keeping of the mind fixed on something.—adj. Concen′trative, tending to concentrate.—n. Concen′trativeness. [A lengthened form of Concentre.]

Concentre, kon-sent′ėr, v.i. to tend to or meet in a common centre: to be concentric.—v.t. to bring or direct to a common centre or point:—pr.p. concent′ring; pa.p. concent′red or concent′ered.—adjs. Concen′tric, -al, having a common centre.—adv. Concen′trically.—n. Concentric′ity. [Fr. concentrer—L. con, with, centrum, the centre.]

Concept, kon′sept, n. a thing conceived, a general notion.—ns. Concep′tacle, that in which anything is contained, a receptacle: (bot.) a pericarp of one valve, a follicle: a cavity enclosing the reproductive cells in certain plants and animals; Concep′tion, the act of conceiving: the thing conceived; the formation in the mind of an image or idea: a notion: (Shak.) a mere fancy: a plan: a concept; Concep′tionist.—adjs. Concep′tious (Shak.), fruitful; Concept′ive, capable of conceiving mentally; Concep′tual, pertaining to conception.—ns. Consep′tualism, the doctrine in philosophy that universals have an existence in the mind apart from any concrete embodiment; Concep′tualist, one who holds this doctrine.—adj. Conceptualis′tic. [L. concipĕre, -ceptum, to conceive.]

Concern, kon-sern′, v.t. to relate or belong to: to affect or interest: to make uneasy: to trouble: to have to do with: to be affected.—n. that which concerns or belongs to one: interest: regard: anxiety: a business, or those connected with it.—adj. Concerned′, having connection with: interested: anxious.—adv. Concern′edly.—n. Concern′edness.—prep. Concern′ing, regarding: pertaining to.—n. Concern′ment, a thing in which one is concerned: an affair: importance: interest: interference. [Fr.,—L. concernĕre, con, together, cernĕre, to see.]

Concert, kon′sėrt, n. union or agreement in any undertaking: harmony: musical harmony: a musical entertainment.—v.t. Concert′, to frame or devise together: to arrange, adjust.—p.adj. Concert′ed, mutually planned: arranged.—ns. Concertina (kon-ser-tē′na), a musical instrument consisting of a pair of bellows, usually polygonal, the sounds produced by free vibrating reeds of metal, as in the accordion; Concer′to, a musical composition for a solo instrument, with orchestral accompaniments.—Concert pitch (mus.), the pitch at which instruments for concert use are tuned. [Fr. concerter—It. concertāre, to sing in concert.]

Concession, kon-sesh′un, n. the act of conceding: the thing conceded: a grant.—adj. Conces′sible.—n. Concessionaire′, one who has obtained a concession.—adj. Conces′sionary.—n. Conces′sionist.—adj. Conces′sive, implying concession. [Concede.]

Concetto, kon-chet′to, n. an ingenious turn of expression: a conceit:—pl. Concet′ti.—n. Concet′tism, the use of concetti. [It.,—L. conceptum, conceit.]

Conch, kongk, n. a marine shell: a spiral shell used by the Tritons as a trumpet, and still used by some African peoples in war: a name for the native whites of the Bahamas, owing to their use of conchs as food: (archit.) the semidome of an apse; the apse itself.—n. Conchif′era, a term applied by Lamarck to bivalve molluscs and to very different Brachiopods.—adjs. Conchif′erous, having a shell; Conch′iform, conch-shaped.—n. Conch′oid, a plane curve invented to solve the problem of trisecting a plane angle, doubling the cube, &c.—adjs. Conchoid′al, pertaining to a conchoid: shell-like, applied to the fracture of a mineral; Concholog′ical, pertaining to conchology.—ns. Conchol′ogist; Conchol′ogy, that branch of natural history which deals with the shells of molluscs. [L. concha—Gr. kongchē; Sans. cankha, a shell; conn. with Cockle.]

Concha, kong′ka, n. the central cavity of the outer ear: the outer ear: (archit.) conch. [L. concha.]

Concierge, kong-si-erj′, n. a warden: a janitor. [Fr.; der. unknown.]

Conciliar, kon-sil′i-ar, adj. pertaining to a council.—Also Concil′iary.

Conciliate, kon-sil′i-āt, v.t. to gain, or win over: to gain the love or good-will of such as have been indifferent or hostile: to pacify.—v.i. to make friends.—adj. Concil′iable (obs.).—n. Conciliā′tion, act of conciliating.—adj. Concil′iātive.—n. Concil′iātor.—adj. Concil′iatory. [L. conciliāre, -ātum—concilium, council.]

Concinnity, kon-sin′i-ti, n. harmony: congruity: elegance.—adj. Concinn′ous, elegant: harmonious. [L. concinnus, well adjusted.]

Concipient, kon-sip′i-ent, adj. that which conceives.—n. Concip′iency.

Concise, kon-sīs′, adj. cut short: brief.—v.t. (Milt.) to mutilate.—adv. Concise′ly.—ns. Concise′ness, the quality of being concise: terseness [Fr.,—L. concidĕre, concisum, from con, and cædĕre, to cut.]

Concision, kon-sizh′on, n. mutilation: (B.) circumcision: conciseness.

Conclamation, kon-kla-mā′shun, n. a shout of many together.

Conclave, kon′klāv, n. the room in which cardinals meet to elect a pope: the body of cardinals: any close assembly.—n. Con′clavist, an attendant on a cardinal in conclave. [L. conclave, from con, together, clavis, a key.]

Conclude, kon-klōōd′, v.t. to close: to end: to oblige.—v.i. to end: to infer: to form a final judgment.—p.adj. Conclud′ed, finished: settled.—adj. Conclud′ing, final, closing.—n. Conclu′sion, act of concluding: the end, close, or last part: inference: judgment: an experiment: (Shak.) a riddle.—adjs. Conclus′ive, Conclu′sory, final: convincing.—adv. Conclus′ively.—n. Conclus′iveness.—In conclusion, finally.—To try conclusions, to experiment: to engage in a contest. [L. concludĕre, conclusum—con, together, claudĕre, to shut.]

Concoct, kon-kokt′, v.t. to digest: to prepare or mature: to make up a mixture: to plan, devise: to fabricate.—ns. Concoct′er, Concoct′or; Concoc′tion, act of concocting: ripening: preparation of a medical prescription, &c.: a made-up story.—adj. Concoct′ive, pertaining to concoction. [L. concoquĕre, concoctum—con, together, and coquĕre, to cook, to boil.]

Concomitant, kon-kom′i-tant, adj. accompanying or going along with: conjoined with.—n. he who or that which accompanies.—ns. Concom′itance, Concom′itancy, state of being concomitant.—adv. Concom′itantly. [L. con, with, and comitans, pr.p. of comitāri, to accompany—comes, a companion.]

Concord, kon′kord, or kong′-, n. state of being of the same heart or mind: union: harmony: agreement: a combination of notes which is pleasant to the ear.—v.i. to agree: to harmonise.—n. Concord′ance, agreement: an index or dictionary of the leading words or passages of a book, esp. of the Bible.—adj. Concord′ant, harmonious, united.—adv. Concord′antly.—n. Concord′at, a term, though sometimes used of secular treaties, generally employed to denote an agreement made between the pope and a secular government.—adj. Concor′dial, harmonious. [Fr. concorde—L. concordia—concors, of the same heart, from con, together, cor, cordis, the heart.]

Concorporate, kon-kor′por-āt, v.t. to unite in one body.—adj. united in one body. [L. con, together, and Corporate.]

Concourse, kon′kōrs, or kong′-, n. an assembly of persons or things running or drawn together: (Scots law) concurrence of an officer, who has legal right to grant it. [Fr.,—L. concursus—con, together, currĕre, to run.]

Concreate, kon′krē-āt, v.t. to create with or at the same time.

Concremation, kon-krē-mā′shun, n. a burning up or together, cremation.

Concrescence, kon-kres′ens, n. increment: a growing together of cells or other organisms. [L. concrescentia—con, together, crescĕre, to grow.]

Concrete, kon′krēt, adj. formed into one mass: the opposite of abstract, and denoting a particular thing: made of concrete.—n. a mass formed by parts growing or sticking together: a mixture of lime, sand, pebbles, &c., used in building.—v.t. Concrēte′, to form into a solid mass.—v.i. to harden.—adv. Concrēte′ly.—ns. Concrēte′ness; Concrē′tion, a mass concreted: a growth forming in certain parts of the body, as calculi, &c.—adjs. Concrē′tionary; Concrēt′ive, having power to concrete. [L. concretus—con, together, crescĕre, cretum, to grow.]

Concrew, kon-krōō′, v.i. (Spens.) to concrete.

Concubine, kong′kū-bīn, n. a woman who cohabits or lives with a man without being married.—n. Concū′binage, state of living together as man and wife without being married.—adj. Concū′binary. [Fr.,—L. concubina—con, together, cubāre, to lie down.]

Concupiscence, kon-kū′pis-ens, n. violent desire: sexual appetite: lust.—adjs. Concū′piscent, Concū′piscible. [Fr.,—L. concupiscentia—concupiscĕre—con, inten., cupĕre, to desire.]

Concupy, kong′kū-pi, n. (Shak.) concubine, or concupiscence, according to Schmidt.

Concur, kon-kur′, v.i. to run together: to meet in one point: to coincide: to act together: to agree: to assent to:—pr.p. concur′ring; pa.p. concurred′.—ns. Concur′rence, the meeting of lines: union: joint action: assent; Concur′rency.—adj. Concur′rent, of lines meeting in the same point: coming, acting, or existing together: united: accompanying.—n. one that concurs: a competitor: one who accompanies a sheriff's officer as witness.—adv. Concur′rently.—adj. Concur′ring, agreeing. [L. concurrĕre, from con, together, currĕre, cursum, to run.]

Concuss, kon-kus′, v.t. to disturb: to overawe: to coerce.—n. Concus′sion, state of being shaken: a violent shock caused by the sudden contact of two bodies: any undue pressure or force exerted upon any one.—adj. Concuss′ive, having the power or quality of concussion. [L. concussus—con, together, quatĕre, to shake.]

Concyclic, kon-sī′klik, adj. (geom.) lying on the circumference of one circle.

Condemn, kon-dem′, v.t. to pronounce guilty: to censure or blame: to sentence to punishment: to give up to some fate: to pronounce unfit for use.—adj. Condem′nable, blamable.—n. Condemnā′tion, state of being condemned: blame: cause of being condemned.—adj. Condem′natory, expressing or implying condemnation.—p.adj. Condemned′, pronounced to be wrong, guilty, or useless: belonging or relating to one who is sentenced to punishment, e.g. 'condemned cell:' declared dangerous and to be removed, as a house, bridge, &c. [L. condemnāre, from con, inten., and damnāre, to damage.]

Condense, kon-dens′, v.t. to compress or reduce by pressure into smaller compass: to reduce to a denser form, as vapour to liquid.—n. Condensabil′ity, the quality of being condensable.—adj. Condens′able, capable of being compressed.—v.t. Condens′āte, to condense: to compress into a closer form.—v.i. to become dense: to harden:—pr.p. condens′āting; pa.p. condens′āted.—ns. Condensā′tion, act of condensing; Condens′er, an apparatus for reducing vapours to a liquid form: an appliance for collecting or condensing electricity. [L. condensāre—con, inten., and densus, dense.]

Condescend, kon-de-send′, v.i. to descend willingly from a superior position: to act kindly to inferiors: to deign: to comply: to lower one's self.—n. Condescend′ence, condescension: (Scots law) an articulate statement annexed to a summons, setting forth the allegations in fact upon which an action is founded.—adj. Condescend′ing, yielding to inferiors: courteous: obliging: patronising.—adv. Condescend′ingly.—n. Condescens′ion, affability to inferiors: courtesy: graciousness.—Condescend upon, to specify: to mention. [L. con, inten., and descendĕre, to descend.]

Condiddle, kon-did′l, v.t. (Scot.) to steal.

Condign, kon-dīn′, adj. well merited: adequate (of punishment).—adv. Condign′ly.—n. Condign′ness. [L. condignus—con, wholly, dignus, worthy.]

Condiment, kon′di-ment, n. a seasoning used at table to give a flavour to the ordinary solid or liquid food.—v.t. to pickle. [L. condimentum—condīre, to preserve, to pickle.]

Condition, kon-dish′un, n. state in which things exist: a particular manner of being: quality: rank, as 'a person of condition:' pre-requisite: temper: a term of a contract: proposal: arrangement: (logic) that which must precede the operation of a cause: (law) a provision that upon the occurrence of an uncertain event an obligation shall come into force, or shall cease, or that the obligation shall not come into force until a certain event.—v.i. to make terms.—v.t. to agree upon: to restrict, limit: to determine.—adj. Condi′tional, depending on conditions.—n. Conditional′ity.—adv. Condi′tionally.—v.t. Condi′tionate, to condition: to qualify.—adj. Condi′tioned, having a certain condition, state, or quality: circumstanced: depending: relative—the opposite of absolute.—Conditioning House, an establishment in which the true weight, length, and condition of articles of trade and commerce are determined scientifically—the first in England established at Bradford in 1891. [L. condicio, -nis, a compact (later false spelling conditio)—condicĕre—con, together, dicĕre, to say.]

Condole, kon-dōl′, v.i. to grieve with another: to sympathise in sorrow: (Shak.) to grieve.—adj. Condol′atory, expressing condolence.—ns. Condole′ment, Condol′ence, expression of grief for another's sorrow.—adj. Condol′ent, sympathetic. [L. con, with, dolēre, to grieve.]

Condone, kon-dōn′, v.t. to forgive: to pass over.—n. Condonā′tion, forgiveness: in the legal phraseology of Britain and the United States, forgiveness granted by the injured party, which may be urged by the guilty party as a defence against an action of divorce on the ground of adultery. [L. con, inten., donāre, to give. See Donation.]

Condor, kon′dor, n. a large vulture found among the Andes of South America. [Sp.,—Peruv. cuntur.]

Condottiere, kon-dot-ti-ā′re, n. a leader of a band of military adventurers who sold their services to any party in any contest:—pl. Condottieri (-ā′rē). [It.,—condotto, way—L. con, and ducĕre, to lead.]

Conduce, kon-dūs′, v.i. to tend to some end: to contribute.—ns. Conduce′ment (Milt.), Conduc′ibleness, Conduc′iveness.—adjs. Conduc′ible, Conduc′ive, leading or tending: having power to promote: advantageous.—advs. Conduc′ibly, Conduc′ively. [L. con, together, ducĕre, ductum, to lead.]

Conduct, kon-dukt′, v.t. to lead or guide: to convey (water): to direct: to manage: to behave: (elect.) to carry or transmit.—ns. Con′duct, act or method of leading or managing: guidance: escort: guide: management: behaviour; Conductibil′ity.—adjs. Conduct′ible, capable of conducting heat, &c.: capable of being conducted or transmitted.—n. Conduc′tion, act or property of conducting or transmitting: transmission by a conductor, as heat.—adj. Conduct′ive, having the quality or power of conducting or transmitting.—ns. Conductiv′ity, a power that bodies have of transmitting heat and electricity; Conduct′or, the person or thing that conducts: a leader: a manager: a leader of an orchestra: one in charge of a bus, &c.: that which has the property of transmitting electricity, heat, &c.—n.fem. Conduct′ress. [L. conductus—conducĕre. See Conduce.]

Conduit, kun′dit, or kon′-, n. a channel or pipe to lead or convey water, &c.: a kind of fountain. [Fr. conduit—L. conductus—conducĕre, to lead.]

Condyle, kon′dil, n. a protuberance at the end of a bone serving for articulation with another bone, esp. that by which the occipital bone of the skull is articulated to the spine.—adj. Con′dyloid.—n. Condylō′ma, a growth about the anus or generative organs. [Fr.,—L.,—Gr. kondylos, knuckle.]